Qila Mubarak Complex
The Qila Mubarak complex stands in 10-acre ground in the heart
of the city, and contains the main palace or Qila Androon
(literally,'inner fort'), the guesthouse or Ran Baas and the Darbar
Hall. Outside the Qila are the Darshani Gate, a Shiva temple, and bazaar
shops which border the streets that run around the Qila and sell
precious ornaments, colorful hand-woven fabrics, ‘jootis’ and bright
‘Parandis’.
Qila Androon
The entrance is through an imposing gate.
The architectural style of this palace is a synthesis of late Mughal and
Rajasthani. The complex has 10 courtyards along the north - south axis
and each courtyard is unique in size and character, some being broad,
others very small and still others mere slits in the fabric of
building.Though the Androon is a single interconnected building, it is
spoken of as a series of palaces. Each set of rooms makes a cluster
around a courtyard, and each carries a name: Sheesh Mahal, Toshakhana,
Jalau Khana, Chand Mahal, Rang Mahal, Treasury and Prison. Ten of the
rooms are painted with frescoes, or decorated intricately with mirror
and gilt. In a tiny portion of the complex is a little British
construction with Gothic arches, fire places made of marble and built-in
toilets perched on the Mughal Rajasthani roof!. Burj Baba Ala Singh
even today has a fire smoldering ever since the time of Baba Ala Singh,
along with a flame brought by him from Jwalaji.
Rang Mahal and Sheesh Mahal
The
two mahals contain a large no. of frescoes, most of which were made
under Maharaja Narender Singh. Within the Qila Mubarak are 16 painted
and mirror-worked chambers. For instance, the Darbar room is illustrated
with Vishnu avatars and stories of courage or generosity, the ladies'
chamber with illustrations from famous romantic epics, and two other
chambers with illustrations of the qualities of a good or bad king. The
frescoes, among the finest painted in India in the second half of the
19th century are evidently the work of artists from Rajasthani, Pahari
and Avadhi traditions.
Ran-Baas
This building was probably a guest house.
It has an imposing gateway and two courtyards, both with fountains and
small tanks. A room in the first courtyard-with painted walls and a gilt
throne-was probably for semi -formal audience. A few pavilions are set
among painted walls on the upper storey. Facing each other across the
courtyard are two exquisite chambers, one painted and the other
decorated with mirror work.
Darbar Hall (Divan Khana)
Used
for large audiences and important public occasions, the Darbar has been
converted into a museum displaying dazzling chandeliers and armor,
including the sword and dagger of Guru Gobind Singh and Nadir Shah's
sword. The hall was built on a high plinth over a network of tunnels
which were service conduits. The facade gives the impression of a
double-storey building, with 'upper storey' windows and a balcony at the
first floor level, but the delicately worked wood-and-glass doors open
into a huge 15m-high chamber. At the far end is a raised platform, where
the Maharaja sat . The wooden frame work of the ceiling holds decorated
Plaster-of Paris tiles painted in Arabic style and the ceiling is hung
with a fabled collection of chandeliers.
Jalau Khana and Sard Khana (Cool Room)
Both were much later constructions. The
Jalau Khana is a small, two storeyed building with a central hall in
late Colonial style, where regalia were displayed. The Sard Khan
provided an escape from the summer heat. A deep well inside it acted as a
wind tunnel, bringing cool air into the ground-floor rooms and the
basement. Outside, there is a formal garden with waterways and
fountains.
Lassi Khana (Kitchen)
Another small, two-storeyed building with a
central courtyard and a well.It adjoins the Ran-bass, and a passage
links it to the Qila Androon. Local residents say that at one time this
kitchen had the capacity to serve nearly 35,000 people every day, but
following an economy drive, the Lassi Khana restricted itself to serving
only a modest 5,000 people.
Shahi Samadhan
The Samadhan, where Maharaja Rajinder Singh
once built a garden, now holds cenotaphs of erstwhile rulers, looked
after by a mahant.
Moti Bagh Palace
Started during the reign of Maharaja Narinder Singh,
it
was completed under Maharaja Bhupinder Singh in the early 20th century.
The Old Moti Bagh Palace now houses the National Institute for Sports.
The facade has Rajasthan-style jharokas and chhatris, and the palace is
set in a beautiful garden with terraces, water channels and a Sheesh
Mahal.
Sheesh Mahal
The Sheesh Mahal was built
behind
the main Moti Bagh Palace to serve as a pleasure complex.The paintings
in two of its well maintained , mirror-worked chambers are of Kangra and
Rajasthani qalam, depicting the poetic visions of Keshav, Surdas and
Bihari. The Sheesh Mahal now houses a museum, an art gallery, the famed
medal gallery and also the North Zone Cultural Centre.
Lachman Jhoola
Across
the
small Lake in front of Sheesh Mahal is a magnificent suspension bridge
which being a replica of the famous Lakshman Jhoola at Rishikesh, is
also named as Lachman Jhoola. It links the Sheesh Mahal with the Banasar
Ghar on the other side of the lake. The Banasar Ghar now houses the
North Zone Cultural Center and a hall for setting up exhibitions.
Bir Moti Bagh
A 1,600-acre forest on the outskirts of
Patiala, The Bir was originally the hunting preserve of the Maharaja.
Most of the Bir is still forest, but parts of it house a zoo and a deer
park, as well as a pilot project on medicinal plants.
Mall Road
Baradari is the colonial area of Patiala.
On one side of Mall road is the Baradari, and on the other is the walled
city. All along the vibrant Mall Road are fountains and beautiful paved
walkways, as well as goverment offices (all buildings conforming to one
architectural style), entertainment spots, including cinema theatres
and the Rajendra tank, and temples. (The Rajendra Tank is actually a
large lake which once attracted migratory birds in winters. Boating
facilities are available here.)
Rajindera Kothi
Rajindera Kothi: Set in the heart of the
Baradari Gardens, this late 19th Century Palace built in colonial style
by Maharaja Rajindra Singh till recently housed Punjab States Archives.
PUDA is planning to exploit this building as a potential Heritage Hotel.
Baradari Gardens
The
Baradari gardens surround the Baradari palace located in the north of
old Patiala city, just outside Sheranwala Gate. The gardens, laid under
Maharaja Rajindera Singh were planted extensively rare trees and shrubs,
dotted with impressive Colonial buildings and a marble statue of
Maharaja Rajindera Singh and the Fern House. The 19th century Fern
House, a replica of the one in Calcutta forms a unique attraction along
with quaint Rink Hall.
Ijlas-e Khas
Intended
to be the Administrative Secretariat of the princely state, this
beautiful building now houses the offices of the Punjab State
Electricity Board.
Gurudwara Dukhniwaran Sahib
The
villagers of Lehal donated land for the modest Gurudwara built on this
elevated site, said to have been visited by Guru Teg Bahadur. The
legend is that anyone who prays at this Gurudwara is relieved of his
suffering ('dukhniwaran'). A new bigger building is now being
constructed.
Kali Temple
Maharaja Bhupinder Singh was inspired to
build this temple and bring the 6-ft statue of Kali from Bengal to
Patiala. This large complex attracts devotees, Hindu and Sikh, from
distant places. A much older temple of Raj Rajeshwari is also situated
in the center of this complex.
Qila Bahadurgarh
The ninth Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed at
Saifabad during his travels. Originally known as Saifabad, it was
renamed Bahadurgarh by Maharaja Amar Singh who reinforced and renovated
it. The present fort dates back to Maharaja Karam Singh. He built a
beautiful Gurudwara on the Patiala-Rajpura road (6 Km from Patiala
City).
Panj Bali Gurdwara
Nawab Saif Khan, an admirer of Guru Teg
Bahadur, Commemorated the guru's visit by building two gurudwaras, one
inside the fort and the other across the road, now known as Panch Bali
Gurudwara.
Maiji Di Sarai
This monument in the old city now houses the criminal investigation agency office.
Historical Places Surrounding Patiala
Banur
Situated on the Sukhna Nadi, a tributary of
the Ghaggar, at a distance of nine miles north-east of Rajpura on the
Rajpura-Chandigarh Road, Banur is an ancient town. Its ruins testify to
its former grandeur and importance, but its history has been lost in
oblivion. Its ancient name was Pushpa or Popa Nagri or Pushpawati-the
City of Flowers, and it was famous for the scent of chambeli flowers grown in its numerous gardens. The place was also well known for its musicians. One Banno Chhimban, a washer woman, is mentioned as a great musician of the days of Akbar.
During the reign of Emperor Akbar, Banur became a
Mahal of the Sarkar of Sirhind and continued to be so up to the
beginning of the eighteenth century.
In addition to the tomb of Malik Suleman, the
suburbs of Banur contain the ruins of an old imperial fort, popularly
known as Zulmgarh, the citadel of tyranny, and of another fort of Banda
Ali Beg of a more recent date.
Samana
Samana at a distance of 17 miles south-west
of Patiala is a place of considerable antiquity. It traces its history
to the days of Raja Jaipal who ruled over, among others, the territories
of Bhatinda, Samana. It fell into the hands of Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad
Gauri after the conquest of Ajmer and Delhi and was entrusted to
Qutb-ud-Din Aibek in 1192, along with the territories of Ghuram and
Sunam. With the increasing importance of Sirhind under the Mughals,
Samana received a little set-back.
While Samana is said to be a place of saints and
scholars during the Mughal days, it is notorious also for its
professional executioners, who served at Delhi and Sirhind. Sayyad
Jala-ud-Din, who executed Guru Teg Bahadur at Delhi in 1675 was from
Samana. Beg brothers, who mercilessly butchered the younger sons of Guru
Gobind Singh also belonged to Samana. This hated town was therefore one
of the first places to have been sacked by Banda Bahadur. But the
Mughals were yet too strong for the rising power of Sikhs and Samana had
to be given up by them towards the end of 1710 AD.It was retaken in
about 1742 AD by Baba Ala Singh, the founder of the Patiala ruling
family and was recognized as a part of his territories by Ahamd Shah
Durani.
Sanaur
The Town Sanour lies 4 miles South-east of
Patiala. It lies on a high mound. The town is of some antiquity. In the
time of Babar, Malik Baha-ud-Din Khokar became the chief of this pargana
which was called Chaurasi, having 84 villages. In 1748, it came into
the possession of Baba Ala Singh.
Ghuram (Kuhram or Kahram)
Situated in 30°
7' N and 76° 33' E 29 miles (slightly West) of Rajpura and 6 miles
South (slightly East) of Patiala. Ghuram (Renamed Ramgarh) is a very
ancient palace. An old tradition takes it back to the days of the Ramayana, being
the abode of Rama’s maternal grandfather. The old ruins in its vicinity
speak for its antiquity, though its early history has been long lost.
During the days of Rajput Kings, Ghuram (Kuhram of the Persian Writers)
was an important town with a strong fort to protect it.
During the fifties of the seventeenth century,
Ghuram was held by Malhi Khan as a biswedar proprietor. He was a tyrant
and was notorious for his extortions. Baba Ala Singh of Patiala had
risen to eminence by now. He was a brave soldier and humane ruler and
was looked upon by the oppressed people as source of timely help and
consolation. The people of Ghuram came to Patiala and appealed to his
noble wife, Mai Fato, for deliverance. Malhi Khan was dispossessed of
Ghuram and it was taken under the direct control of Patiala. Maharaja
Karam Singh of Patiala built a fort here and named it Ramgarh, evidently
in memory of Rama of the Ramayana fame.